Understanding Female Infertility in Canada: Causes, Statistics, and the Need for Data
Infertility is a deeply personal and often complex challenge faced by many women across Canada. While advancements in reproductive health have provided more options than ever before, understanding the root causes of infertility remains crucial. Yet, finding comprehensive data specific to Canada is surprisingly difficult. Why is this the case, and what do we know so far? Let’s explore.
Common Causes of Female Infertility
Infertility can result from a range of medical conditions. Among the most common are:
Ovulatory Disorders: Responsible for about 25% of infertility cases, these disorders cause irregular or absent ovulation.
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS): Affecting 5-10% of women of reproductive age, PCOS disrupts hormone balance and ovulation.
Endometriosis: The presence of endometrial tissue outside the uterus can lead to pelvic adhesions and inflammation.
Tubal Blockage or Damage: Often caused by pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) or previous surgeries.
Pelvic Adhesions: Scar tissue in the pelvic cavity can distort reproductive anatomy.
Uterine Fibroids: Noncancerous growths that interfere with implantation.
Hyperprolactinemia: Elevated prolactin levels disrupt ovulation.
Primary Ovarian Insufficiency (POI): Early loss of ovarian function before age 40.
Thyroid Disorders: Both hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism affect ovulation.
Genetic Abnormalities: Conditions like Turner syndrome impact fertility.
Other factors include luteal phase defects, Asherman’s syndrome, cervical stenosis, autoimmune disorders, obesity, underweight status, advanced maternal age, chronic PID, environmental and lifestyle factors, and unexplained infertility.
What Does the Data Say?
In Canada, infertility rates have increased significantly over the past few decades. In 1984, approximately 5% of couples experienced infertility. By 2009-2010, this number had risen to between 12% and 16%. Among these cases, unexplained infertility—where no definitive cause is found—accounts for about 15% to 30%.
However, finding specific prevalence rates for each infertility diagnosis is challenging. While organizations like Statistics Canada and the Ministry of Health collect reproductive health data, detailed statistics on individual infertility causes are not readily available. This gap stems from several factors:
Limited National Surveys: Most surveys focus on general reproductive health rather than specific infertility diagnoses.
Privacy and Sensitivity: Infertility is a sensitive topic, and privacy concerns may limit data collection.
Decentralized Healthcare System: Since healthcare is provincially regulated, data collection and reporting vary across regions.
Complexity of Diagnoses: Many infertility cases involve overlapping factors, complicating classification.
Progress Toward Better Data
Recent initiatives offer hope for more comprehensive data. In 2021, the Canadian government allocated $7.6 million to Statistics Canada to develop a national survey on sexual and reproductive health. This survey aims to gather detailed information on women’s health, including infertility causes. Additionally, Canada’s total fertility rate (TFR) hit a record low of 1.33 children per woman in 2022, highlighting the need to better understand fertility challenges.
Why This Matters
Accurate data is essential for improving fertility treatments and support systems. By understanding the prevalence and causes of infertility, healthcare providers can offer more effective interventions and compassionate care. As Canada’s national survey progresses, we can look forward to more insights that empower women on their fertility journeys.
If you’re navigating infertility, know that you’re not alone. Dr. Chelsea Dakers ND is here to support you with evidence-based care and personalized solutions. Find more information about her unique & natural approach to creating fertility here.
References
Statistics Canada. (2021). Canada’s declining fertility rate: The role of education and social factors. Government of Canada. https://www150.statcan.gc.ca
Government of Canada. (2021). Federal budget 2021: Investments in reproductive health. https://www.canada.ca
Public Health Agency of Canada. (2022). Sexual and reproductive health indicators in Canada. Government of Canada. https://www.canada.ca
World Health Organization. (2020). Infertility fact sheet. https://www.who.int
Canadian Fertility and Andrology Society. (2023). Infertility statistics and trends in Canada. https://www.cfas.ca
The disclaimer… The amazing thing about humans is that we all have incomparably unique health profiles and needs. The health-related information contained in this article is intended to be general in nature and should not be used prescriptively or as a substitute for a visit with a naturopathic doctor/health care provider. This info is intended to offer general information to individuals. If you have questions about how these strategies could be used in adjunct to your current health regime, book an appointment with us or consult a licensed naturopathic doctor for individualized care.